Charles Darwin was an English naturalist who undertook a long exploratory voyage aboard the ship HMS Beagle lasting five years, during which he gathered a vast amount of observations on the diversity of living organisms in different parts of the world, especially the Galápagos Islands.
After years of study and analysis, Darwin published his famous theory in the book "On the Origin of Species," explaining how living organisms evolve through the mechanism of "natural selection," which preserves the traits best suited to the environment across generations.
