Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Abdullah ibn Sina was a polymath who excelled in medicine, philosophy, astronomy, and mathematics. He had memorized the entire Quran by age ten, then devoted himself to studying various sciences until he became a skilled physician by age sixteen.
Ibn Sina authored "The Canon of Medicine," which compiled the medical knowledge of his era. It was translated into Latin and remained a standard textbook in European universities until the 17th century.