Formerly known as Yathrib, the city was renamed after the Prophet Muhammad's migration (Hijra) there in 622 CE — the event that marks the start of the Islamic calendar — becoming «Medina», the Prophet's City.

At its heart stands the Prophet's Mosque, first built in year one of the Hijra and expanded repeatedly over the centuries into one of the largest mosques on earth. It houses the Prophet Muhammad's tomb, drawing millions of visitors each year, many after completing Hajj or Umrah in Mecca.